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Born Norvell Hardy
January 18, 1892
Harlem, Georgia, U.S.

Died August 7, 1957 (aged 65)
North Hollywood, California, U.S.

Occupation Actor
Years active 1914–1955
Spouse Madelyn Saloshin (m. 1913–1921)
Myrtle Reeves (m. 1921–1937)
Virginia Lucille Jones (m. 1940–1957)
Signature

Oliver Hardy (January 18, 1892 – August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor famous as one half of Laurel and Hardy, the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted nearly 30 years, from 1927 to 1955.

Early life
Oliver Hardy was born Norvell Hardy in Harlem, Georgia. His father, Oliver, was a Confederate veteran wounded at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. After his demobilization as a recruiting officer for Company K, 16th Georgia Regiment, the elder Oliver Hardy assisted his father in running the vestiges of the family cotton plantation, bought a share in a retail business and was elected full-time Tax Collector for Columbia County. His mother, Emily Norvell, the daughter of Thomas Benjamin Norvell and Mary Freeman, was descended from Captain Hugh Norvell of Williamsburg, Virginia. Her family arrived in Virginia before 1635. Their marriage took place on March 12, 1890; it was the second marriage for the widow Emily, and the third for Oliver. He was of paternal English American descent and maternal Scottish American descent.
The family moved to Madison in 1891, before Norvell’s birth. Norvell’s mother owned a house in Harlem, which was either empty or tenanted by her mother. It is probable that Norvell was born in Harlem, though some sources say it was in his mother’s home town, Covington. His father died less than a year after his birth. Hardy was the youngest of five children. A traumatic moment in his life was the death of his brother Sam Hardy in a drowning accident in the Oconee River. Hardy pulled his brother from the river but was unable to resuscitate him.[1] As a child, Hardy was sometimes difficult. He was sent to Georgia Military College in Milledgeville as a youngster. In the 1905/1906 school year, fall semester (Sep-tember–January), when he was 13, Hardy was sent to Young Harris College in north Georgia. However, he was in the junior high component of that institution (the equivalent of high school today), not the two-year college which exists today.
He had little interest in education, although he acquired an early interest in music and theater, possibly from his mother’s tenants. He joined a theatrical group, and later ran away from a boarding school near Atlanta to sing with the group. His mother recognized his talent for singing, and sent him to Atlanta to study music and voice with singing teacher Adolf Dahm-Petersen, but Hardy skipped some of his lessons to sing in the Alcazar Theater, a cinema, for US$3.50 a week. He subsequently decided to go back to Milledgeville.
Sometime prior to 1910, Hardy began styling himself "Oliver Norvell Hardy", with the first name “Oliver” being added as a tribute to his father. He appeared as “Ol-iver N. Hardy” in the 1910 U.S. census,[N 1] and in all subsequent legal records, marriage announcements, etc., Hardy used “Oliver” as his first name.
Hardy’s mother wanted him to attend the University of Georgia in the fall of 1912, to study law, but there is no evidence as to whether he did.

Career

Early career
In 1910, a movie theater opened in Hardy’s home town of Milledgeville, Georgia, and he became the projectionist, ticket taker, janitor and manager. He soon be-came obsessed with the new motion picture industry, and became convinced that he could do a better job than the actors he saw on the screen. A friend suggested that he move to Jacksonville, Florida, where some films were being made. In 1913, he did just that, where he worked as a cabaret and vaudeville singer at night, and at the Lubin Manufacturing Company during the day. It was at this time that he met and married his first wife, pianist Madelyn Saloshin.
The next year he made his first movie, Outwitting Dad, for the Lubin studio. He was billed as O. N. Hardy, taking his father’s name as a memorial. In his personal life, he was known as “Babe” Hardy, a nickname that he was given by an Italian barber, who would apply talcum powder to Oliver’s cheeks and say, “nice-a-bab-y.” In many of his later films at Lubin, he was billed as “Babe Hardy.” Hardy was a big man at six feet, one inch tall and weighed up to 300 pounds. His size placed limitations on the roles he could play. He was most often cast as “the heavy” or the villain. He also frequently had roles in comedy shorts, his size complementing the character.
By 1915, he had made 50 short one-reeler films at Lubin. He later moved to New York and made films for the Pathé, Casino and Edison Studios. He then returned to Jacksonville and made films for the Vim Comedy Company, until that studio closed its doors after Hardy discovered the owners were stealing from the payroll.[2] He then worked for the King Bee studio after they bought Vim. He worked with Charlie Chaplin imitator Billy West and comedic actress Ethel Burton Palmer during this time. (Hardy continued playing the “heavy” for West well into the early 1920s, often imitating Eric Campbell to West’s Chaplin.) In 1917, Oliver Hardy moved to Los Angeles, working freelance for several Hollywood studios. Later that year, he appeared in the movie The Lucky Dog, produced by G.M. (“Broncho Billy”) Anderson and starring a young British comedian named Stan Laurel.[3] Oliver Hardy played the part of a robber, trying to stick up Stan’s character. They did not work together again for several years.
Between 1918 and 1923, Oliver Hardy made more than forty films for Vitagraph, mostly playing the “heavy” for Larry Semon. In 1919, he separated from his wife, ending with a divorce in 1920, allegedly due to Hardy’s infidelity. The very next year, on November 24, 1921, Hardy married again, to actress Myrtle Reeves. This marriage was also unhappy and Myrtle eventually became an alcoholic.[citation needed]In 1924, Hardy began working at Hal Roach Studios working with the Our Gang films and Charley Chase. In 1925, he starred as the Tin Man in the Wizard of Oz. Also that year he was in the film, Yes, Yes, Nanette!, starring Jimmy Finlayson, who in later years would be a recurring actor in the Laurel and Hardy film series. The film was directed by Stan Laurel.[4] He also continued playing supporting roles in films featuring Clyde Cooke and Bobby Ray.
In 1926, Hardy was scheduled to appear in Get ’Em Young but was unexpectedly hospitalized after being burned by a hot leg of lamb. Laurel, who had been working as a gag man and director at Roach Studios, was recruited to fill in.[5] Laurel kept appearing in front of the camera rather than behind it, and later that year appeared in the same movie as Hardy, 45 Minutes from Hollywood, although they didn’t share any scenes together.

With Stan Laurel
Main article: Laurel and Hardy
In 1927, Laurel and Hardy began sharing screen time together in Slipping Wives, Duck Soup (no relation to the 1933 Marx Brothers’ film of the same name) and With Love and Hisses. Roach Studios’ supervising director Leo McCarey, realizing the audience reaction to the two, began intentionally teaming them together, leading to the start of a Laurel and Hardy series later that year. With this pairing, he created arguably the most famous double act in movie history. They began producing a huge body of short movies, including The Battle of the Century (1927) (with one of the largest pie fights ever filmed), Should Married Men Go Home? (1928), Two Tars (1928), Unaccustomed As We Are (1929, marking their transition to talking pictures) Berth Marks (1929), Blotto (1930), Brats (1930) (with Stan and Ollie portraying themselves, as well as their own sons, using oversized furniture sets for the ‘young’ Laurel and Hardy), Another Fine Mess (1930), Be Big! (1931), and many others. In 1929, they appeared in their first feature, in one of the revue sequences of Hollywood Revue of 1929 and the following year they appeared as the comic relief in a lavish all-color (in Technicolor) musical feature entitled The Rogue Song. This film marked their first appearance in color. In 1931, they made their first full length movie (in which they were the actual stars), Pardon Us although they continued to make features and shorts until 1935. The Music Box, a 1932 short, won them an Academy Award for best short film — their only such award.
In 1936, Hardy’s personal life suffered a blow as he and Myrtle divorced. While waiting for a contractual issue between Laurel and Hal Roach to be resolved, Hardy made Zenobia with Harry Langdon. Eventually, however, new contracts were agreed and the team was loaned out to producer Boris Morros at General Service Studios to make The Flying Deuces (1939). While on the lot, Hardy fell in love with Virginia Lucille Jones, a script girl, whom he married the next year. They enjoyed a happy, successful marriage until his death.
In the early 1940s, Laurel and Hardy made A Chump at Oxford (1940) (which features a moment of role reversal, with Oliver becoming a subordinate to a tem-porarily concussed Stan) and Saps at Sea (1940) before leaving Roach Studios. They began performing for the USO, supporting the Allied troops during World War II, and teamed up to make films for 20th Century Fox, and later MGM. Although they were financially better off, they had very little artistic control at the large studios, and hence the films lack the very qualities that had made Laurel and Hardy worldwide names. Their last Fox feature was The Bullfighters (1945), after which they declined to extend their contract with the studio.
In 1947, Laurel and Hardy went on a six week tour of the United Kingdom. Initially unsure of how they would be received, they were mobbed wherever they went. The tour was then lengthened to include engagements in Scandinavia, Belgium, France, as well as a Royal Command Performance for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Biographer John McCabe said they continued to make live appearances in the United Kingdom and France for the next several years, until 1954, often using new sketches and material that Laurel had written for them.
In 1949, Hardy’s friend, John Wayne, asked him to play a supporting role in The Fighting Kentuckian. Hardy had previously worked with Wayne and John Ford in a charity production of the play What Price Glory? while Laurel began treatment for his diabetes a few years previously. Initially hesitant, Hardy accepted the role at the insistence of his comedy partner. Frank Capra later invited Hardy to play a cameo role in Riding High with Bing Crosby in 1950.
During 1950–51, Laurel and Hardy made their final film. Atoll K (also known as Utopia) was a simple concept; Laurel inherits an island, and the boys set out to sea, where they encounter a storm and discover a brand new island, rich in ura-nium, making them powerful and wealthy. However, it was produced by a consor-tium of European interests, with an international cast and crew that could not speak to each other.[6] In addition, the script needed to be rewritten by Stan to make it fit the comedy team’s style, and both suffered serious physical illness during the filming.
In 1955, the pair had contracted with Hal Roach, Jr., to produce a series of TV shows based on the Mother Goose fables. They would be filmed in color for NBC.[citation needed] However, this was never to be. Laurel suffered a stroke, which required a lengthy convalescence. Hardy had a heart attack and stroke later that year, from which he never physically recovered.

Death
In May 1954, Hardy suffered a mild heart attack. During 1956, Hardy began looking after his health for the first time in his life. He lost more than 150 pounds in a few months which completely changed his appearance. Letters written by Stan Laurel, however, mention that Hardy had terminal cancer,[7] which has caused some to suspect that this was the real reason for Hardy’s rapid weight loss. Hardy was a heavy smoker, as was Stan Laurel. Hal Roach made the statement they were a couple of "freight train smoke stacks".[citation needed] [8] Hardy suffered a major stroke on September 14, which left him confined to bed and unable to speak for several months. He remained at home, in the care of his beloved Lucille. He suffered two more strokes in early August 1957, and slipped into a coma from which he never recovered. Oliver Hardy died on August 7, 1957, at the age of 65.[9][N 2] His remains are located in the Masonic Garden of Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood. [10]Stan Laurel was too ill to go to his film partner and friend's funeral. He stated, "Babe would understand."[citation needed]

Legacy
■ Hardy’s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is located at 1500 Vine Street, Hollywood, California.
■ The Dick Van Dyke Show episode The Sam Pomerantz Scandals, Dick van Dyke's character, Rob Petrie, and Sam Pomerantz, one of Rob's old army buddies played by Henry Calvin do their own impression of a Laurel and Hardy sketch.
■ In 1999, merchandiser Larry Harmon produced the direct-to-video film The All New Adventures of Laurel and Hardy: For Love or Mummy starring Bronson Pinchot and Gailard Sartain as the comedy duo.
■ There is a small Laurel and Hardy Museum in Hardy's hometown of Harlem, Georgia, which opened on July 15, 2000. Every year, the first Saturday in October, Oliver Hardy is celebrated and remembered with the Oliver Hardy Festival in this town.
■ Laurel and Hardy are featured on the cover of The Beatles' album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

Filmography
1914
■ Outwitting Dad (as O.N. Hardy)
■ Casey's Birthday
■ Building a Fire
■ He Won a Ranch
■ The Particular Cowboys
■ For Two Pins
■ A Tango Tragedy
■ A Brewerytown Romance
■ The Female Cop
■ Good Cider
■ Long May It Wave
■ Who's Boss?
■ His Sudden Recovery
■ The Kidnapped Bride
■ Worms Will Turn
■ The Rise of the Johnsons (as Oliver Hardy)
■ He Wanted Work
■ They Bought a Boat
■ Back to the Farm
■ Making Auntie Welcome
■ Never Too Old
■ The Green Alarm (as O.N. Hardy)
■ A Fool There Was
■ Pins Are Lucky (as O.N. Hardy)
■ Jealous James
■ When the Ham Turned
■ The Smuggler's Daughter
■ She Married for Love
■ The Soubrette and the Simp
■ Kidnapping the Kid
■ The Honor of the Force
■ She Was the Other
■ The Daddy of Them All
■ Mother's Baby Boy
■ The Servant Girl's Legacy
■ He Wanted His Pants
■ Dobs at the Shore
■ The Fresh Air Cure
■ Weary Willie's Rags

1915
■ The Tramps (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford (as O.N. Hardy)
■ Ethel's Romeos
■ Charley's Aunt (as Oliver Hardy)
■ What He Forgot
■ They Looked Alike
■ Spaghetti a la Mode
■ Gus and the Anarchists
■ Cupid's Target
■ Shoddy the Tailor
■ The Prize Baby
■ An Expensive Visit (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Cleaning Time
■ Mixed Flats (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Safety Worst
■ The Twin Sister (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Who Stole the Doggies? (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Baby (as Oliver Hardy)
■ A Lucky Strike (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Matilda's Legacy (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Capturing Bad Bill
■ Her Choice
■ Cannibal King
■ It May Be You (as O.N. Hardy)
■ What a Cinch
■ Poor Baby (as O.N. Hardy)
■ Not Much Force (as O.N. Hardy)
■ The Dead Letter
■ Clothes Make the Man (as O.N. Hardy)
■ The Haunted Hat
■ Avenging Bill
■ The Simp and the Sophomores (as O.N. Hardy)
■ Babe's School Days
■ Fatty's Fatal Fun
■ Something in Her Eye
■ The Crazy Clock Maker
■ The Midnight Prowlers
■ Pressing Business
■ Love, Pepper and Sweets
■ A Janitor's Joyful Job
■ Strangled Harmony
■ Speed Kings
■ Mixed and Fixed
■ Ups and Downs

1916
■ Bouncing Baby (as Oliver Hardy)
■ This Way Out
■ Chickens
■ Frenzied Finance
■ A Special Delivery
■ Busted Hearts
■ A Sticky Affair
■ Bungles' Rainy Day
■ One Too Many
■ Bungles Enforces the Law
■ The Serenade
■ Bungles' Elopement
■ Nerve and Gasoline
■ Bungles Lands a Job
■ Their Vacation
■ Mamma's Boys
■ The Battle Royal
■ All for a Girl
■ Hired and Fired
■ What's Sauce for the Goose
■ The Brave Ones
■ The Water Cure
■ Thirty Days
■ Baby Doll
■ The Schemers
■ Sea Dogs
■ Hungry Hearts
■ Never Again
■ The Lottery Man (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Better Halves
■ Edison Bugg's Invention
■ A Day at School
■ A Terrible Tragedy
■ Spaghetti
■ Aunt Bill
■ The Heroes
■ It Happened in Pikesville
■ Human Hounds
■ Dreamy Knights
■ Life Savers
■ Their Honeymoon
■ The Try Out
■ An Aerial Joyride (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Sidetracked
■ Stranded
■ Love and Duty
■ The Reformers
■ Royal Blood
■ The Candy Trail
■ The Precious Parcel
■ A Maid to Order
■ Twin Flats
■ A Warm Reception
■ Pipe Dreams
■ Mother's Child
■ Prize Winners
■ Ambitious Ethel
■ The Guilty Ones
■ He Winked and Won
■ He Went and Won
■ Fat and Fickle

1917
■ The Prospectors (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The Modiste
■ Little Nell
■ The Boycotted Baby
■ The Love Bugs
■ The Other Girl
■ A Mix Up In Hearts
■ Wanted – A Bad Man
■ Back Stage
■ The Hero
■ Dough Nuts
■ Cupid's Rival
■ The Villain
■ The Millionaire
■ The Goat
■ The Fly Cop
■ The Chief Cook
■ The Candy Kid
■ The Hobo
■ The Pest
■ The Band Master
■ The Slave (as Oliver Hardy)

1918
■ The Stranger (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Bright and Early
■ The Rogue
■ His Day Out (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The Orderly
■ The Scholar
■ The Messenger
■ The Handy Man
■ The Straight and Narrow
■ Playmates
■ Beauties in Distress
■ Business Before Honesty
■ Hello Trouble
■ Painless Love
■ The King of the Kitchen
■ He's in Again

1919
■ Hop, the Bellhop
■ The Freckled Fish
■ Lions and Ladies
■ Soapsuds and Sapheads
■ Hearts in Hock
■ Jazz and Jailbirds
■ Mules and Mortgages
■ Tootsies and Tamales
■ Healthy and Happy
■ Flips and Flops
■ Yaps and Yokels
■ Mates and Models
■ Dull Care
■ Squabs and Squabbles
■ Bungs and Bunglers
■ The Head Waiter
■ Switches and Sweeties (as Oliver Hardy)

1920
■ Dames and Dentists (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Maids and Muslin
■ Squeaks and Squawks
■ Distilled Love
■ Fists and Fodder
■ Pals and Pugs
■ He Laughs Last
■ Springtime
■ The Decorator
■ The Stage Hand
■ Married to Order
■ The Trouble Hunter
■ His Jonah Day
■ The Backyard

1921
■ The Nuisance
■ The Mysterious Stranger
■ The Blizzard
■ The Bakery
■ The Rent Collector
■ The Tourist
■ The Fall Guy
■ The Bell Hop

1922
■ The Sawmill
■ The Show
■ A Pair of Kings
■ Golf
■ Fortune's Mask (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Little Wildcat (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The Agent
■ The Counter Jumper

1923
■ No Wedding Bells
■ The Barnyard
■ The Midnight Cabaret
■ The Gown Shop
■ Lightning Love
■ Horseshoes

1924
■ Trouble Brewing
■ The Girl in the Limousine
■ Her Boy Friend (as Oliver N. Hardy)
■ Kid Speed (as Oliver N. Hardy)

1925
■ Stick Around
■ Hey, Taxi!
■ Wizard of Oz (as Oliver N. Hardy)
■ Rivals (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Wild Papa
■ Fiddlin' Around (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Isn't Life Terrible?
■ Hop to It!
■ The Joke's on You (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Yes, Yes, Nanette
■ They All Fall
■ Should Sailors Marry? (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The Perfect Clown (as Oliver Hardy)

1926
■ Stop, Look and Listen
■ A Bankrupt Honeymoon
■ Wandering Papas
■ Madame Mystery (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Say It with Babies
■ Long Fliv the King (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The Cow's Kimona (scenes deleted)
■ The Gentle Cyclone (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Thundering Fleas (as Oliver Babe Hardy)
■ Along Came Auntie (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Crazy Like a Fox (uncredited)
■ Bromo and Juliet (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Be Your Age (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The Nickel-Hopper (uncredited)

1927
■ Two-Time Mama
■ Should Men Walk Home? (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Why Girls Say No (as Oliver Hardy)
■ The Honorable Mr. Buggs (as Oliver Hardy)
■ No Man's Law (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Crazy to Act (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Fluttering Hearts (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Baby Brother (as Oliver Hardy)
■ Love 'Em and Feed 'Em (as Oliver Hardy)

Later films
■ Barnum & Ringling, Inc. (as Oliver Hardy) (1928)
■ Choo-Choo! (as Oliver Hardy - voice only) (1932)
■ Zenobia (as Oliver Hardy) (1939)
■ The Fighting Kentuckian (as Oliver Hardy) (1949)
■ Riding High, uncredited cameo appearance (1950)

Unconfirmed film appearances
■ The Artist's Model (1916) [1]■ Terrible Kate (1917) [2]■ His Movie Mustache (1917) [3]■ Bad Kate (1917) [4]■ This Is Not My Room (1917) [5]■ Pipe Dreams and Prizes (1920) [6]■ The Perfect Lady (1924) [7]■ Roaring Lions at Home (1924) [8]■ Laughing Ladies (1925) [9]

References
Notes
1. ^ Actually, he was listed as "Oliver M. Hardy" (not "N"), an "electrician" at an "electric theater". He was also mistakenly listed as the "son" of Roy J. Baisden in his census listing.
2. ^ Quote: "Oliver Hardy, the fat, always frustrated partner of the famous movie comedy team of Laurel and Hardy, died early today at the North Hollywood home of his mother-in-law, Mrs. Monnie L. Jones. Mr. Hardy, who was 65 years old, suffered a paralytic stroke last Sept. 12."
Citations
1. ^ "This is Your Life", Episode December 1, 1954
2. ^ "Creator: Bletcher, Billy, 1894-1979, Title, Dates: Billy Bletcher's Vim Southern Studio motion picture photographs, 1915-1917." State Archives of Florida Online Catalog. Retrieved: October 12, 2010.
3. ^ "The Lucky Dog (1921)." imdb.com. Retrieved: March 20, 2010.
4. ^ Louvish 2001, p. 182.
5. ^ Evanier, Mark. "POV: Popint of View- Laurel and Hardy." povonline.com. Re-trieved: March 20, 2010.
6. ^ Aping, Norbert. The Final Film of Laurel and Hardy. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2008. ISBN 978-0786433025.
7. ^ "Rubber Stamp- 25406-1/2 Malibu Rd., Malibu, CA - Typewritten." Letters from Stan. Retrieved: July 24, 2011.
8. ^ "The Stan Laurel Correspondence: 1957." lettersfromstan.com. Retrieved: March 20, 2010.
9. ^ "Oliver Hardy of Film Team Dies. Co-Star of 200 Slapstick Movies. Portly Mas-ter of the Withering Look and 'Slow Burn'. Features Popular on TV." The New York Times, August 8, 1957. Retrieved: March 20, 2010.
10. ^ "Oliver Hardy." FreeMasonry.bcy.ca. Retrieved: March 20, 2010.
Bibliography
■ Louvish, Simon. Stan and Ollie: The Roots of Comedy. London: Faber & Faber, 2001. ISBN 0-571-21590-4.
■ Marriot, A.J. Laurel & Hardy: The British Tours. Hitchen, Herts, UK: AJ Marriot, 1993. ISBN 0-9521308-0-7.
■ McCabe, John. Babe: The Life of Oliver Hardy. London: Robson Books Ltd., 2004. ISBN 1-86105-781-4.

References for filmography
1. ^ "The Artist's Model at IMDB.com".
2. ^ "Terrible Kate at IMDB.com".
3. ^ "His Movie Mustache at IMDB.com".
4. ^ "Bad Kate at IMDB.com".
5. ^ "This Is Not My Room at IMDB.com".
6. ^ "Pipe Dreams and Prizes at IMDB.com".
7. ^ "The Perfect Lady at IMDB.com".
8. ^ "Roaring Lions at Home at IMDB.com".
9. ^ "Laughing Ladies at IMDB.com".
■ Oliver Hardy at the Internet Movie Database
■ McCabe, John. (1989). Babe: The Life of Oliver Hardy. New York: Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-1187-7.

External links
■ Oliver Hardy at the Internet Movie Database
■ The Laurel and Hardy Magazine Website
■ Official Laurel and Hardy Website
■ The Laurel and Hardy Forum
■ Oliver Hardy at Find a Grave
■ Free clip from Bouncing Baby (1916), made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida
■ Oliver Hardy's obituaries in the Los Angeles Times and Los Angeles Mirror-News
Original source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Hardy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmography_of_Oliver_Hardy

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